Hazem beblawi, a banker from cairo, refined the definition two decades later by adding four new elements which have since become canonical. This is a fact of paramount importance, cutting across the whole of the social fabric of the economy affecting the role. Quite the opposite, forged by oil exports, the structures of its rentier economy are wellestablished and difficult to push forward. A rentier state is one that derives a substantial part of its revenue from foreign sources and under the form of rent beblawi and luciani 1987, 11. Buy the rentier state by hazem beblawi, giacomo luciani from waterstones today. This phase is tied to dangers of splitting a fragile rentier state. Rentier curse and the challenges to development in the middle. Contrarily, the theory of the rentier state largely neglected in the study of peace and war in this respect suggests that regimes use revenue from abundant resources to buy off peace through patronage, largescale distributive policies and effective repression. The rentier state hazem beblawi, giacomo luciani eds.
The rentier state theory rst has been proposed to explain the unique economicpolitic nature of the authoritarian and resourcerich countries starting in the 1970s 7,8. An assessment of the role of nigerian state in enforcing. Fiscal institutions in a rentier state the case of the. Beblawi began his career as a lecturer at the university of alexandria in 1965 and taught economyrelated courses at several universities, including the university of southern california, until 1980. The oil price drop which occurred in international markets in 2014 has revived concerns about the economic situation of saudi arabia. The states autonomy from taxation also allows for an unjust distribution of wealth within the state. A rentier state is defined as a state whose primary function is to distribute revenue derived from the rent of indigenous resources to external clients ross 2001. With 77% of the states budget derived from oil revenues hvidt, 20. The macrobehaviour of oil rentier states in the arab region mahmoud abdelfadil 5. In current politicalscience and internationalrelations theory, a rentier state is a state which.
The concept of a rentier state has gained renewed interest with the advent of the oil era. The rentier state 1st edition hazem beblawi giacomo. Sectoral transformations in neopatrimonial rentier states. The rentier state theory revisited nishad sanzagiri. The rentier state by hazem beblawi, giacomo luciani. This is a fact of paramount importance, cutting across the whole of the social fabric of the economy affecting the role of the state in the society beblawi, 1990, p. Click and collect from your local waterstones or get free uk delivery on orders over. Rentier curse and the challenges to development in the. Written by alessandro zicchieri further, a dependence upon oil for state finances has been shown to offer a rentier effect.
A theory of late rentierism in the arab states of the gulf 5 the 1990 invasion of kuwait and the subsequent 19901991 gulf war, the sanctions from 1990 to 2003, and the 2003 iraq war and the political and economic problems that have ensued since then. Rentier state theory rst gained currency in the late 1980s, and remains. Later works still held to the broad characterizations of the rentier state that luciani, beblawi, and others developed in the 1980s and 1990s. Egypt was the second arab state after tunisia proclaiming its will to overcome failures of importsubstituting industrialisation at the beginning of the 1970s. Is rentier state theory sufficient to explain the politics. In the timorese context, the state has become a rentier state because the government is the primary recipient of petroleum revenues beblawi 1987. The revenue earned by a rentier state is free to be distributed without any consequences or supervision. A theory of late rentierism in the arab states of the gulf. Hazem beblawi, e rentier s tate in the arab w orld, in. In addition, beblawiluciani define a political system as a rentier state only if a minority in the population is engaged in the generation of the rent, while the majority is. The rentier state in the arab war id hazem beblawi introduction the concept of a rentier state has gained renewed interest with the advent of the oil era and the emergence of the new arab oilproducing states. In boundaries and state territory in the middle east and north africa. Beyond these factors, arguably less important to the.
Since the extraction of oil and its export policy are solely controlled by the national government, all the. Beblawi and giacomo luciani in an edited volume published in 1987. Rentier state theory and the arab uprisings uluslararas. This allows for the wealth to be distributed in a politically charged manner to. This volume, first published in 1987, is devoted to a discussion of inte. According to beblawi an essential characteristic of rentier states is the fact that only a few are engaged in the. In a rentier state, a small segment of the society has access directly in the creation of wealth while the rest involves in distribution and utilization of the wealth 6,8. And it is the responsibility of all free people and free nations to make clear that these movements these movements of. Rentier state, confirmed by various quantitative data and qualitative analyses. A theoretical construct developed by hazem beblawi and giacomo luciani, which categorizes some countries in terms of their disproportionate reliance upon one or several inherited sources of rents, such as mineral resources, notably oil and gas. Ross uses regression analysis to demonstrate how, as a states value of oil or mineral exports rises, there is a. The rentier stateresource curse narrative and the state of the arabian gulf emilie rutledge. The symbiosis of sectarianism, authoritarianism, and.
Beblawi 1990, however, delineates four basic characteristics of a rentier state which are a rent. This article examines the countrys ability to achieve this objective by. Beblawi, hazem 1987 the rentier state in the arab world in the arab studies quarterly, volume 9, issue no. This tends to make the citizenry in rentier states deeply opposed to reforms that promise longterm gains in return for shortterm losses beblawi and luciani 1987. The rentier state in the arab world hazem beblawi 3. Since the extraction of oil and its export policy are solely controlled by the national government, all the revenue from oil rent flow into the authoritarian regimes coffer. Income measurement in arab states 2 the rentier state in the. In political science and international relations theory, a rentier state is a state which derives all or a substantial portion of its national revenues from the rent of indigenous resources to external clients. Water free fulltext a rentier state under blockade. This volume, first published in 1987, is devoted to a discussion of interrelations of the economic base with the cultural, social and political structures, and of its impact on the state. In a celebrated passage, adam smith distinguished between.
It was the successful iranian revolution in 1979 that led saudi shias to demand equal rights and government reforms al. In many ways, kuwait is an archetypal rentier state, being both a major oil exporter and an absolutist monarchy where executive authority lies with a hereditary amir. Croom helm and the istituto affari internazionali, 1987. A dictionary of business and management in the middle east and north africa authors.
State formation processes in rentier states columbia university. Jul 27, 2015 introduction hazem beblawi and giacomo luciani. This article investigates qatars sustainability crisis of the high levels of water, electricity and food use. To facilitate the free flow of ideas and knowledge through publishing the products. In a celebrated passage, adam smith distinguished between rent and other sources of income. The origin of the rentier model in the middle east ifri. Rentier state was now clearly counterposed to an ideal type production state implicitly.
This paper proposes that the rentier state and resource curse. The ratio of state to societal resources, however, is speci. Nauruans were given free education, health, telephone service, and. Pdf the palestinian authority and the rentier state.
The country is at a crossroads, as evidenced by both its unsustainable economic model and the plan that the government proposed in spring 2016 to overcome dependence on oil, vision 2030. Is rentier state theory sufficient to explain the politics of. The argument that timorleste is a rentier state based on various characteristics, namely independence of the state visavis domestic economy, composition of gdp, proportion of public expenditure as domestic economy, employment structure, and dutch disease. Considering the decarbonization process of the global economy and rapidly fall in economic value of hydrocarbons in the face of the supply glut, rentier states depending on oil and gas revenues. Yet, faisal requested from the great powers of world war i that. To understand such a state of affairs, this article provides an analysis of the saudi economys accumulation regime. Pdf this article aims to analyze the implications of the arab uprisings on the rentier. A theory of late rentierism in the arab states of the gulf 5 the 1990 invasion of kuwait and the subsequent 19901991 gulf war, the sanctions from 1990 to 2003, and the 2003 iraq war and the political and economic problems that have ensued since. Economic crisis and postrentier democratization in the. The implications of the rentier state theory regarding the.
Rentier states are sometimes part of rentier economies, where the economy is primarily supported by state expenditure. Are rentier monarchies a viable road to development in the. The particular case of gccs countries as rentier state has been at. Rentierism, far from being saddled with being the sole explanatory tenet for the entirety of the middle eastern political universe, should instead be treated as a trait of gulf politics introduction. Patterns and problems of economic development in rentier states. Feb 04, 2016 beblawi, hazem 1987 the rentier state in the arab world in the arab studies quarterly, volume 9, issue no. In general, a rentier state is a government that is able to extract significant rents from international transactions and thereby become the dominant actor in the political economy beblawi and luciani, 1987.
The rentier state in the arab world hazem beblawi introduction the concept of a rentier state has gained renewed interest with the advent of the oil era and the emergence of the new arab oilproducing states. Economic crisis and postrentier democratization in the arab. Previously he served as deputy prime minister and minister of finance in 2011. The rentier state theory rst has received renewed academic traction in its ability to explicate.
The rentier state theory situates the state as the unit of analysis by explaining how petroleum dependency shapes the states relations with society and its role in economic development. The rentier stateresource curse narrative and the state of the. A theoretical framework, andhazem beblawi, the rentier state in the arab world, in luciani and beblawi, eds. Oil wealth and regime stability in light of the arab. Sectoral transformations in neopatrimonial rentier states 7 the most influential arab states, with the most populous and second largest economy after saudi arabia. Rentier and nonrentier states in the arab spring a cursory look at the events of the arab spring suggests that there is a. The first phase of the debate was concerned with oil resources and oil and gasrich states. A main theorist of the rentier state theories argues that in a rentier state, the government is the principal recipient of the external rent in the economy. Amir faisal, the leader of the 1916 arab revolt and a firm believer in the idea of arab unity had hypothesized that once the victors of world war i would concede arab independence and help them establish their local competence, the natural influences of race, language and interest would soon draw all arabs into one people. Similarly, nathan jensen and leonard wantchekon have concluded, the key mechanism linking 1 countries vary tremendously in their taxnontax revenue mix.
Is rentier state theory sufficient to explain the politics of the uae. The rentier state by hazem beblawi, giacomo luciani waterstones. The economic problems of saudi arabia do not stem from the weakness of its institutions. The concept of a rentier state has gained renewed interest with the advent of the oil era and the. This allows for the wealth to be distributed in a politically charged manner to favoured sectors and social groups. This paper develops a theoretical model to analyze whether a rentier state can diversify its economy away from the rent revenue and hence sustain the economic development and preserve the statusquo.
Third parties are taxed in the rentier state by paying profits for commodities. Income measurement in arab states 2 the rentier state in. Rentier state theory, arab uprisings, oil and politics, political economy of the. Though utterly free enterprise or ment employees in. The macrobehaviour of oilrentier states in the arab region mahmoud abdelfadil 5. Income measurement in arab states thomas stauffer 2. Economic diversification potential in the rentier states. The politics of demobilization in rentier autocracies desha m girod, megan a stewart, and meir r walters conflict. The idea of the rentier state lacking a positive and societallyengaged economic policy, therefore, probably held water then. The disproportionate role of state resources in gcc nationals lives is re.
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